1SAP500405R0001逻辑顺序模块

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1SAP500405R0001逻辑顺序模块

调速部分的性能对电梯运行时乘客的舒适感有着重要作用，目前，大多选用高性能的变频器，利用旋转编码器测量曳引电机转速，构成闭环矢量控制系统。通过对变频器参数的合理设置，不仅使电梯在运行超速和缺相等方面具备了保护功能，而且使电梯的起动、低速运行和停止更加平稳舒适。变频器自身的起动、停止和电机给定速度选择则都有逻辑控制部分完成，因此，逻辑控制部分是电梯安全可靠运行的关键。早期的电梯逻辑控制采用继电器方式，存在故障率较高、可靠性差、接线复杂、通用性差等缺点，因此，继电器已退出了历史的舞台，取而代之的是性能稳定可靠、结构简单且移植性好的PLC和微机控制系统。微机控制使得电梯控制系统体积减小、节省能源、可靠性提高，尤其是对群控、通讯等复杂电梯控制功能更具优越性，因此，微机控制系统多应用在性能要求较高的客梯中。但是，目前许多电梯厂商所谓的“微机控制系统”只不过是制造商改型后的电梯专用PLC，从严格意义上讲，它只是PLC家族中的一种，甚至其编程方式和硬件接口都可以兼容某种型号的PLC。而由于可编程控制器（PLC）既保留了继电器控制系统的简单易懂、控制精度高、可靠性好、移植性好、控制程序可随工艺改变、易于与计算机接口、维修方便等诸多优点。因此，PLC在电梯控制领域得到了更为广泛而深入的应用。 V80系列PLC以其可靠性高、运算速度快、产品成本低和电梯专用客制化服务等优点，已在多家电梯厂家中的电梯生产及改造中获得了应用。本文以一台4层4站的别墅电梯控制系统为例，阐述了V80系列PLC在电梯控制系统的设计思想和实现方案。二、电梯控制系统构成电梯控制系统主要由变频调速主回路、输入输出单元以及PLC单元构成，由如图1所示，用来完成对电梯曳引电机及开关门机的起动，加减速，停止，运行方向，楼层显示，层站召唤，轿箱内操作，安全保护等指令信号进行管理和控制功能。变频调速主回路由三相交流输入、变频调速驱动、曳引机和制动单元构成，变频器采用日本安川公司矢量控制电梯专用变频器616G5，其具有良好的低速运行特性，适合在电梯控制系统中应用。三相电源R、S、T经
接线端子
进入变频器为其主回路和控制回路供电，输出端U、V、W接电动机的快速绕组，外接制动单元减少了制动时间，加快制动过程。旋转编码器用来检测电梯的运行速度和运行方向，变频器将实际速度与变频器内部的给定速度相比较，从而调节变频器的输出频率及电压，使电梯的实际速度跟随变频器内部的给定速度，达到调节电梯速度的目的。变频器输入信号为：上、下行方向指令，零速、爬行、低速、高速、检修速度等各种速度编码指令，复位和使能信号。变频器输出信号为：（1）变频器准备就绪信号，在变频器运转正常时，通知控制系统变频器可以正常运行；（2）运行中信号，通知PLC变频器正在正常输出；（3）零速信号，当电梯运行速度为零时，此信号输出有效并通知PLC完成抱闸、停车等动作；（4）故障信号，变频器出现故障时，此信号输出有效并通知PLC作出响应，给变频器断电。输入输出单元为PLC的I/O接口部分，主要由厅外呼叫、轿箱内选层、楼层及方向指示、开关门、井道内的上下平层、上下强迫换速开关、门锁、安全保护继电器、检修、消防、泊梯、称重等单元构成。输入单元为：（1）厅外呼叫单元，用来对各层站的厅外召唤信号进行登记、记忆和消除，而且兼有无司机状态的“本层厅外开门”功能，全集选方式的呼梯信号为2N-2个（N为层站数），下集选方式的呼梯信号为N个；（2）轿箱内选层单元，负责对预选楼层指令的登记、消除和指示，呼梯信号数为电梯停站层数N；（3）开关门按钮，输入PLC控制轿门的开闭（厅门也同时动作）；（4）上下平层装置，用来保证电梯轿箱在各层停靠时准确平层，通常设置在轿顶，电梯轿箱上行接近预选层站时，上平层感应器限进入遮磁板，电梯仍继续慢速运行，当下平层感应器再进入遮磁板时，上行接触器线圈失电，制动器抱闸停车；（5）上下限强迫换速开关，用于保护电梯的高速运行安全，避免电梯出现冲顶或蹲底事故，当电梯到达上下端站时，装在轿厢边的上下限强迫换速开关打板，信号输入PLC，PLC发出换速信号强迫电梯减速运行到平层位置；The performance of the speed regulation part plays an important role in the comfort of passengers when the elevator is running. At present, most of them use high-performance frequency converters to measure the speed of the traction motor using rotary encoders to form a closed-loop vector control system. Through the reasonable setting of the inverter parameters, the elevator not only has the protection function in terms of overspeed and lack of equality, but also makes the start, low speed operation and stop of the elevator more stable and comfortable. The starting and stopping of the inverter itself and the selection of the given speed of the motor are all completed by the logic control part. Therefore, the logic control part is the key to the safe and reliable operation of the elevator. The early elevator logic control adopted relay mode, which has the disadvantages of high failure rate, poor reliability, complex wiring, poor universality, etc. Therefore, the relay has been withdrawn from the stage of history and replaced by PLC and microcomputer control systems with stable and reliable performance, simple structure and good portability. Microcomputer control makes the elevator control system smaller, energy saving and more reliable, especially for complex elevator control functions such as group control and communication. Therefore, microcomputer control systems are mostly used in high-grade passenger elevators with high performance requirements. However, at present, the so-called "microcomputer control system" of many elevator manufacturers is just a special elevator PLC after the manufacturer's modification. Strictly speaking, it is only one of the PLC families, and even its programming mode and hardware interface can be compatible with a certain type of PLC. The programmable logic controller (PLC) not only retains the advantages of the relay control system, such as simplicity, high control accuracy, good reliability, good portability, control program can change with the process, easy interface with the computer, convenient maintenance, etc. Therefore, PLC has been widely and deeply applied in the field of elevator control. V80 series PLC has been applied in elevator production and transformation of many elevator manufacturers due to its high reliability, fast operation speed, low product cost and customized service for elevators. Taking a villa elevator control system with four floors and four stations as an example, this paper expounds the design idea and implementation scheme of V80 series PLC in the elevator control system. 2、 The elevator control system is mainly composed of the main circuit of frequency conversion speed regulation, input and output units and PLC units. As shown in Figure 1, the elevator control system is used to manage and control the command signals of the elevator traction motor and the door opening and closing machine, such as starting, accelerating and decelerating, stopping, running direction, floor display, floor call, car operation, safety protection, etc. The main circuit of variable frequency speed regulation is composed of three-phase AC input, variable frequency speed regulation drive, traction machine and braking unit. The frequency converter adopts the vector control elevator special frequency converter 616G5 of Japan Yaskawa Company, which has good low-speed operation characteristics and is suitable for application in the elevator control system. Three phase power supply R, S, T Terminal blocks
Enter the frequency converter to supply power for its main circuit and control circuit. The output terminals U, V and W are connected to the fast winding of the motor. The external braking unit reduces the braking time and speeds up the braking process. The rotary encoder is used to detect the running speed and direction of the elevator. The frequency converter compares the actual speed with the given speed inside the frequency converter to adjust the output frequency and voltage of the frequency converter, so that the actual speed of the elevator follows the given speed inside the frequency converter to achieve the purpose of adjusting the elevator speed. The input signals of the frequency converter are: up and down direction commands, zero speed, crawl, low speed, high speed, maintenance speed and other speed coding commands, reset and enable signals. The output signals of the frequency converter are: (1) The frequency converter is ready. When the frequency converter operates normally, notify the control system that the frequency converter can operate normally; (2) Signal in operation to inform PLC that the inverter is outputting normally; (3) Zero speed signal: when the elevator running speed is zero, this signal output is effective and notifies PLC to complete the actions such as holding brake and parking; (4) Fault signal: when the frequency converter fails, the signal output is effective and the PLC is notified to respond and power off the frequency converter. The input and output unit is the I/O interface part of PLC, which is mainly composed of hall call, floor selection in the car, floor and direction indication, door opening and closing, upper and lower leveling in the hoistway, upper and lower forced speed switch, door lock, safety protection relay, maintenance, fire protection, parking, weighing and other units. The input unit is:; (2) The floor selection unit in the car is responsible for the registration, elimination and indication of pre selected floor instructions. The number of call signals is the number of elevator stop floors N; (3) Open/close button, input PLC to control the opening/closing of car door (hall door also acts at the same time); (4) The upper and lower leveling device is used to ensure the accurate leveling of the elevator car when it stops at each floor. It is usually set on the car roof. When the elevator car goes up and approaches the preselected landing station, the upper leveling sensor is limited to enter the magnetic shielding plate, and the elevator continues to run slowly. When the lower leveling sensor enters the magnetic shielding plate again, the upward contactor coil loses power and the brake stops; (5) The upper and lower limit forced speed change switches are used to protect the safety of the elevator during high-speed operation and avoid the accident of the elevator crashing to the top or squatting to the bottom. When the elevator arrives at the upper and lower terminal stations, the upper and lower limit forced speed change switches installed beside the lift car strike a board, and the signal is input to the PLC, and the PLC sends a speed change signal to force the elevator to decelerate to the leveling position;